The primary goal of the journal is to contribute to the development of modern education systems, promote innovative pedagogical technologies, and provide an academic platform for integrating research findings into teaching practices.
ESHITISHIDA NUQSONI BOR BOLALARDA O‘QISH SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH USULLARI
Eshitishida nuqsoni bor bolalarda o‘qish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish ularning ta’lim olish jarayonidagi asosiy muammolardan biridir. Ushbu maqola eshitishida nuqsoni bor bolalarning o‘qish samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan innovatsion va amaliy usullarni tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot maxsus pedagogik yondashuvlar, texnologik vositalar va individual o‘qitish strategiyalarining samaradorligini ko‘rib chiqadi. Maqolada taklif etilgan usullar ushbu bolalarning akademik muvaffaqiyatini oshirish va jamiyatga integratsiyalashuvini ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi.
Eshitish Nuqsoni, O‘qish Samaradorligi, Maxsus Pedagogika, Inklyuziv Ta'lim, O‘qitish Usullari, Nutq Rivojlanishi, Korreksion Ta'lim
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ESHITISHIDA NUQSONI BOR BOLALARNING IJTIMOIY MOSLASHUV MUAMMOLARI VA ULARNI BARTARAF ETISH YO‘LLARI
Mazkur maqolada eshitishida nuqsoni bor bolalarning ijtimoiy muhitga integratsiyalashuvida duch keladigan asosiy qiyinchiliklar, jumladan, kommunikativ, emotsional va xulq-atvor muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot ularning tengdoshlari va kattalar bilan o‘zaro munosabatlarida yuzaga keladigan to‘siqlarni o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Shuningdek, ushbu muammolarni bartaraf etishga qaratilgan samarali pedagogik yondashuvlar, maxsus ta’lim dasturlari va oilaviy qo‘llab-quvvatlash mexanizmlari taklif etiladi. Maqola eshitishida nuqsoni bor bolalarning to‘laqonli ijtimoiy hayotini ta’minlashga xizmat qiluvchi amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.
Eshitishida nuqsoni bor bolalar, Ijtimoiy moslashuv, Integratsiya, Maxsus ta'lim, Pedagogik yondashuvlar, Kommunikatsiya, Reabilitatsiya, Ijtimoiy qo'llab-quvvatlash
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ПРОКРАСТИНАЦИИ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ
В данной статье рассматриваются социально-психологические особенности процесса прокрастинации в деятельности студентов. Исследуются основные причины возникновения прокрастинации, её влияние на учебную деятельность, мотивацию, эмоциональное состояние и психологическую устойчивость студентов. В ходе исследования были выявлены факторы, способствующие развитию прокрастинации, среди которых низкий уровень саморегуляции, стресс, тревожность и недостаточная учебная мотивация. Результаты исследования показали, что высокий уровень прокрастинации негативно влияет на академическую успеваемость и психологическое состояние студентов. Также предложены практические рекомендации по снижению уровня прокрастинации и повышению эффективности учебной деятельности.
прокрастинация, студенты, социально-психологические особенности, мотивация, стресс, саморегуляция, учебная деятельность
DEVELOPING PLAY ENVIRONMENT IN FORMING THE SKILLS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: A HOLISTIC GENERAL ANALYSIS
This article provides a holistic and systematic analysis of the significance of a developing play environment in shaping the skills of preschool-aged children. The role of play activities in children’s intellectual, linguistic, social, emotional, creative, and physical development is examined on the basis of the views of both international and national scholars. Furthermore, the scientific and pedagogical conditions, practical challenges, and перспективе directions for organizing a modern play environment in preschool educational institutions are substantiated. The findings of the study demonstrate that a developing play environment serves as a universal pedagogical mechanism that ensures the comprehensive development of a child’s personality
preschool education, developing play environment, skills, competence, child development, socialization, creativity, pedagogical environment
NEURODIDACTIC FOUNDATIONS OF USING GAMIFICATION ELEMENTS IN ORGANIZING LESSON ACTIVITIES
This article analyzes the neurodidactic foundations of using gamification elements in organizing classroom activities. The study highlights the importance of considering students’ cognitive, emotional, and motivational characteristics in the educational process. It also provides a scientific explanation of the neurophysiological mechanisms of gamification, particularly its effects on the dopamine system, emotional engagement, and the formation of active memory. The research results demonstrate that applying gamification elements within a neurodidactic approach is a significant factor in improving the effectiveness of education. At the same time, the importance of maintaining pedagogical balance in the use of gamification is emphasized.
neurodidactics, gamification, active learning, motivation, emotional impact, dopamine system, cognitive processes, educational technologies, learning process, innovative approach.
O’ZBEKISTON MILLIY ARXITEKTURASI AN’ANALARI ASOSIDA MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM MUASSASALARINI ARXITEKTURAVIY TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston milliy arxitektura an’analari asosida maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarini arxitekturaviy takomillashtirish masalalari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi — tarixiy-me’moriy tamoyillarni zamonaviy pedagogik, sanitariya-gigiyenik va ekologik talablar bilan integratsiyalash orqali bolalar uchun funksional, xavfsiz va estetik jihatdan mukammal muhit yaratish modelini ishlab chiqishdan iborat. Natijada ichki hovli tizimi, ayvonli yarim ochiq makonlar va milliy ornamentlarning soddalashtirilgan talqini maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari arxitekturasini takomillashtirishning samarali yo‘nalishi ekanligi asoslaydi.
milliy arxitektura, maktabgacha ta’lim muassasasi, ichki hovli, ayvon, ekologik barqarorlik, pedagogik muhit
MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARNI O’QITISHDA ZAMONAVIY TA’LIM TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH
Mazkur maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni o‘qitishda zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalaridan foydalanishning ahamiyati, samaradorligi hamda pedagogik imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Unda interfaol metodlar, axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari, didaktik o‘yinlar va innovatsion yondashuvlarning bolalar tafakkuri, nutqi, ijodiy qobiliyati hamda mustaqil fikrlashini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlarida zamonaviy texnologiyalarni qo‘llash orqali ta’lim sifatini oshirish, bolalarning mashg‘ulotlarga qiziqishini kuchaytirish va samarali ta’lim muhitini yaratish masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqola pedagoglar uchun amaliy tavsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.
maktabgacha ta’lim, zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari, interfaol metodlar, innovatsion yondashuv, axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari, didaktik o‘yinlar, pedagogik jarayon, bolalar rivojlanishi, ijodiy fikrlash, ta’lim samaradorligi.
“BADIIY ASARNING LINGVISTIK TAHLILI” FANINING O‘QITILISHI: XORIJIY TAJRIBA VA ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR
Bugungi globallashuv davrida filologik ta’lim talabalarning mustaqil fikrlash, matnni chuqur tahlil qilish va badiy-estetik tafakkurni rivojlantirishni talab etadi. “Badiiy asarning lingvistik tahlili” fani tilshunoslik va adabiyotshunoslikni integratsiya qilgan holda talabalarda badiiy matnni lingvistik jihatdan tahlil qilish, muallif uslubini ochish, subtekst va intertekstuallikni anglash kabi kompetensiyalarni shakllantiradi. Ushbu maqolada fanning o‘qitish metodikasi tahlil qilinadi, interfaol va kreativ usullar taklif etiladi hamda xorijiy (AQSh, Buyuk Britaniya, Yevropa, Turkiya va Markaziy Osiyo) va mahalliy tajriba tahlili berilgan va bular asosida matnni lingvistik tahlil qilishda takomillashtirish yo‘llari ko‘rsatiladi.
badiiy matn, lingvistik (lingvopoetik) tahlil, stilistika, interfaol metodlar, close reading, subtekst, intertekstuallik, kreativ yondashuv, kompetensiyaviy ta’lim, pedagogik texnologiyalar.
The article discusses the identification of students' personal potential in inclusive education, the formation of their abilities for independent thinking, self-awareness and self-development, the individual characteristics of students studying in an inclusive environment, psychological and pedagogical support tools and the main tasks facing teachers, the fact that education in an inclusive environment involves not only achieving academic results, but also the formation of the student as a person, social adaptation, emotional stability, the fact that in the educational process, students need to support such processes as determining their own potential, setting personal goals, independent thinking, critical analysis and finding their place in life, the formation and stimulation of students' ability to self-development, the fact that students studying in inclusive education have different cognitive, physical and social needs, the need for an approach aimed at their personal growth is even more acute, inclusive education should include all children and students, including those with disabilities, is an educational system that provides for training in general education institutions, and this approach is aimed at ensuring social justice, equality and individual development, creating a comfortable and adapted educational environment for students, organizing psychological and pedagogical support, taking into account the individual needs and abilities of students in the educational process, and expanding their opportunities for self-development.
inclusive, inclusion, integration, education, student, desire, aspiration, mastery, ability, thinking, performance, competence, analysis, task, result.
16th - CENTURY SAFAVID – OTTOMAN RELATIONS
The Safavid Empire was founded in 1501 by Shah I Ismail and unifed the Azerbaijani lands under a single authority. In the 16th century, the Safavid Empire covered ast territories stretching from Euphrates to Kandahar, and from the Caucasus to the Indian Ocean. At frst,friendly relations existed between the Safavids and the Ottoman Empire, and II Beyazid recognized Shah Ismail as the ruler of Azerbaijan and the Safavid state. However, after Selim came to power, relations between the two states became strained. The main cause of this confict was not only religious differences, but also the struggle for dominance in the Middle East. The Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 ended a ictory for the Ottaman army. After the death of Shah Ismail, Shah I Tahmasp came to power and mainly Safavid – Ottoman wars with Suleiman the Magnifcent, the Peace of Amasya was signed in 1555, establishing a period of temporary peace between the two states. This Article is devoted to Peace of Amasya and to the 16th - century relations between the Safavid Empire and the Ottaman Empire up to that agreement.
Safavid, Ottoman, Battle of Chaldiran, Campaigns of Sultan Suleiman, Treaty of Amasya
DIVERSIFICATION OF STUDENTS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING: METHODOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Modern language auditoriums are increasingly diverse, with students varying in proficiency, learning styles, and prior experiences. This diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for achieving effective learning outcomes. In response, educators and researchers have developed innovative teaching approaches, including differentiated instruction, formative assessment, plurilingual strategies, and flipped classroom models, to support learners at all levels. This article presents examples of these methods, demonstrating how they can enhance lesson outcomes and foster student development throughout the academic year.
language, student, teacher, teaching methods, approach, assessment, learning, diversity
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPREHENSIVE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS
Academic integrity is a cornerstone of higher education, ensuring the credibility of academic institutions and the reliability of knowledge production. In the context of globalization, digital transformation, and increasing academic competition, maintaining integrity has become both more critical and more complex. This article is discussed a comprehensive analysis of academic integrity.
academic integrity, higher education, plagiarism, ethics, digital learning, academic culture, misconduct
THE PEDAGOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF USING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND THEIR ROLE IN DEVELOPING LANGUAGE COMPETENCE
article discusses the pedagogical role of authentic materials in foreign language teaching and their impact on developing linguistic, communicative, and intercultural competence. It highlights how newspapers, podcasts, films, and social media content enhance vocabulary, comprehension, pragmatic skills, motivation, and cultural awareness. The study also addresses challenges such as linguistic complexity and emphasizes the importance of scaffolding and careful integration of authentic resources to support effective language learning
authentic materials, foreign language teaching, communicative competence, linguistic competence, cultural awareness, motivation
POLITENESS EXPRESSION IN ELECTRONIC TEXTS
This article analyzes the features of politeness expression in electronic texts. In the process of digital communication, the semantic and pragmatic functions of emojis and other paralinguistic tools are highlighted. In addition, their role in strengthening social relationships, expressing emotional states, and enhancing the effectiveness of communication is examined on a scientific basis.
electronic text, politeness, emoji, paralinguistic tools, digital communication, pragmatics, semantics, affective expression, social relations, communicative effectiveness.
РОЛЬ СЕМЬИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ЛИЧНОСТИ РЕБЕНКА С ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬЮ
В данной научной статье на основе систематического и комплексного подхода анализируется стратегическое значение семьи в формировании личности детей с нарушениями интеллектуального развития. В рамках исследования изучаются взаимозависимость психологических, социальных и педагогических компонентов семейной среды, а также определены основные факторы, влияющие на развитие ребенка. Научно обоснованы воспитательная компетентность родителей, уровень эмоциональной поддержки, а также взаимодействие семьи с системой образования и обществом. В статье сделаны важные выводы и разработаны практические рекомендации на основе современных научных исследований, эмпирических результатов и инновационных подходов.
Нарушения интеллектуального развития, семейная среда, формирование личности, психологическая поддержка, социальная адаптация, специальная педагогика, инклюзивное образование, психология развития, социальная интеграция, педагогическая компетентность
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN A DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
This article examines the philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical foundations of critical thinking as a key competency for future foreign language teachers in digital learning environments. Drawing on classical Eastern scholarship, Western philosophical traditions, and contemporary cognitive science, the study constructs a multi-dimensional theoretical framework for understanding and developing critical thinking. The article argues that in the context of digital transformation, critical thinking must be redefined beyond generic cognitive skills to encompass linguocultural information evaluation, pedagogical self-regulation, and dual professional responsibility. A comparative analysis of fifteen scholarly definitions reveals four dominant orientations — skill-based, dispositional, competency-based, and integrative-digital — and proposes an original integrative definition tailored to the specific demands of future foreign language teachers in Uzbekistan's digitalising education system.
critical thinking, digital learning environment, foreign language teacher training, pedagogical competency, cognitive skills, integrative-digital approach, Uzbekistan education reform, 21st-century skills
MULOQOT KOMPETENSIYASINI RIVOJLANTIRADIGAN O’QUV MATERIALLARI ISHLAB CHIQISHNING NAZARIY VA AMALIY ASOSLARI
Mazkur maqolada ta’lim jarayonida o‘quv materiallarini ishlab chiqishning nazariy va amaliy ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining ta’lim sohasidagi normativ-huquqiy hujjatlari tahlili asosida zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar, innovatsion yondashuvlar hamda axborot-kommunikatsiya vositalarining o‘quv materiallarini yaratishdagi o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, xorijiy tajribalar, xususan, Finlyandiya modeli misolida yangi avlod o‘quv adabiyotlarini ishlab chiqish zarurati ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Maqolada tilshunoslik nazariyalari, kommunikativ va pragmatik kompetensiyalarning rivoji hamda ularning o‘quv materiallari mazmuniga integratsiyasi muhim omil sifatida talqin etilgan. Natijada, samarali o‘quv materiallari ta’lim sifatini oshirishga xizmat qilishi dalillangan.
: o‘quv materiallari, ta’lim jarayoni, pedagogik texnologiyalar, innovatsion yondashuvlar, kommunikativ kompetensiya, pragmatik kompetensiya, axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari, xorijiy tajriba
BO‘LAJAK FOLKLOR IJROCHILARINING KASBIY KOMPETENTLIGINI SHAKLLANTIRISH TEXNOLOGIYASI
Mazkur maqolada bo‘lajak folklor ijrochilarining kasbiy kompetentligini shakllantirish texnologiyasining nazariy-pedagogik asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Unda folklor ijrochilarini tayyorlash jarayonida kasbiy bilim, amaliy ko‘nikma, ijrochilik mahorati, sahna madaniyati, milliy qadriyatlarga hurmat va ijodiy yondashuvni rivojlantirish masalalari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, ta’lim jarayonida zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar, interfaol metodlar hamda innovatsion yondashuvlardan foydalanishning ahamiyati ochib beriladi. Maqolada bo‘lajak folklor ijrochilarining kasbiy kompetentligini shakllantirishga xizmat qiluvchi samarali usul va vositalar, ularning mazmuni hamda amaliy natijalari haqida fikr yuritiladi.
bo‘lajak folklor ijrochisi, kasbiy kompetentlik, folklor san’ati, ijrochilik mahorati, pedagogik texnologiya, interfaol metodlar, milliy qadriyatlar, ijodiy yondashuv, sahna madaniyati, kasbiy tayyorgarlik
O‘QITUVCHILARDA IJODIY QOBILIYATLARNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING PSIXOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada bo‘lajak o‘qituvchining ijodkorlik qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishda shaxsining ijodkorlik qobiliyati shakllanganlik mezonlari va darajalarini ishlab chiqish va pedagogika oliy o‘quv yurtlarida o‘quv faoliyatida talabalarning ijodkorlik qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish jarayonini samarali amalga oshirilishini ta’minlovchi pedagogik sharoitlar yoritib o‘tilgan.
Ijodkorlik qobiliyatlari, motivatsiya, pedagogik ijod mohiyati, faoliyat, pedagogik mexanizmlar, pedagogik ijod darajalari.
FOLKLOR VA ETNOGRAFIYA TA’LIM YO‘NALISHIDA MEDIA KOMPETENTLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING PEDAGOGIK AHAMIYATI
Mazkur ilmiy maqolada folklor va etnografiya ta’lim yo‘nalishida media kompetentlikni rivojlantirishning pedagogik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Unda bo‘lajak mutaxassislarning zamonaviy axborot makonida faol ishtirok etishi, milliy madaniy meros namunalarini to‘g‘ri qabul qilishi, tahlil etishi, saqlashi hamda keng jamoatchilikka yetkazishdagi media kompetentlikning o‘rni yoritiladi. Shuningdek, media vositalardan samarali foydalanish, axborotni tanqidiy baholash, raqamli texnologiyalar asosida folklor va etnografik materiallarni yig‘ish, qayta ishlash va taqdim etish jarayonlarining pedagogik imkoniyatlari ochib beriladi. Maqolada media kompetentlikni rivojlantirish ta’lim sifati, talabalarning mustaqil fikrlashi, ijodiy yondashuvi va kasbiy tayyorgarligini oshirishning muhim omillaridan biri sifatida asoslab beriladi.
folklor, etnografiya, media kompetentlik, pedagogik ahamiyat, ta’lim jarayoni, raqamli texnologiyalar, axborot madaniyati, tanqidiy fikrlash
THE IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONE USE ON SLEEP PATTERNS AND EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the level of smartphone usage among students of Turon University, including the frequency of use and main purposes (social media, studying, gaming, and communication). It also examines the factors contributing to smartphone addiction and its impact on students’ daily lives. The study found that excessive and uncontrolled smartphone use leads to sleep disturbances, decreased sleep quality, and reduced concentration. Consequently, this negatively affects students’ academic performance, knowledge acquisition, and overall learning outcomes. The research results were generalized based on survey data and statistical analysis, revealing correlations among the obtained data. Additionally, the article offers recommendations for rational smartphone use, effective time management, and maintaining healthy sleep hygiene. These findings are important for fostering a culture of responsible digital technology use among students.
smartphone, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, academic activity, students.
CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT OF RESPECT AND RAPPORT IN THE CLASSROOM.
The classroom environment plays a vital role in students’ academic success and emotional well-being. This article examines the importance of establishing respect and rapport as key components of an effective learning environment. It explores how positive teacher–student and student–student interactions contribute to engagement, motivation, and inclusive learning. Drawing on established educational theories, the paper identifies practical strategies for fostering respectful communication, trust, and collaboration in the classroom. The findings suggest that a supportive environment enhances not only academic outcomes but also students’ confidence and social development.
Classroom environment, respect, rapport, teacher–student relationships, student engagement, inclusive education, classroom management
PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF IMPROVING LEXICAL COMPETENCE
This article examines the pedagogical and psychological features of improving the lexical competence of future English language teachers. Lexical competence is considered a fundamental component of communicative competence, as vocabulary serves as the primary means of expressing meaning in all types of speech activity. The study is based on the theoretical views of both Uzbek and international scholars, including Jalolov, Saydaliev, Zimnyaya, and Chomsky, whose works provide a solid methodological and linguistic foundation.
APPLYING BLOOM’S TAXONOMY AS A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING READING LITERACY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
This article examines the scientific and pedagogical foundations underpinning the application of Bloom’s Taxonomy as an evaluative tool for reading literacy among primary school learners. Drawing on an analysis of current literature and educational practice, the study explores the multidimensional nature of reading literacy, its constituent elements, and the limitations of conventional assessment approaches. The article argues that Bloom’s Taxonomy, with its hierarchically organized cognitive levels, provides a robust framework for systematically cultivating and measuring students' thinking skills — from basic recall to higher-order reasoning. Special attention is given to the development of criteria and performance indicators aligned with each cognitive level, the design of cognitively differentiated tasks, and the integration of modern pedagogical methods and digital technologies in assessment practice.
reading literacy, primary education, Bloom’s Taxonomy, cognitive levels, assessment criteria, performance indicators, pedagogical methodology, educational quality, thinking skills, contemporary assessment systems.
MUSIQA NAZARIYASI FANI NEGIZIDA RITM VA METR MAVZUSINI O`RGATISHDA MUAMMO VA YECHIMLAR
Ushbu maqolada musiqa nazariyasi fanining fundamental bo‘limlaridan biri bo‘lgan ritm va metr tushunchalarini o‘qitish jarayonida yuzaga keladigan metodik muammolar va ularning yechimlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada o‘quvchilarning nazariy bilimlarni abstrakt qabul qilishi hamda ijro jarayonida koordinatsiya (harakatlar uyg‘unligi) yetishmasligi kabi asosiy muammolar yoritilgan. Yechim sifatida zamonaviy pedagogikada samarali hisoblangan "Body Percussion" uslubining ahamiyati va uni dars jarayoniga tatbiq etish yo‘llari ilmiy-metodik jihatdan asoslab berilgan.
musiqa nazariyasi, ritm, metr, Body Percussion, abstrakt tushunchalar, koordinatsiya, pulsatsiya, pedagogik metodika, musiqiy savodxonlik.
BILINGVIZM FENOMENINING SHAKLLANISHI VA TARIXIY RIVOJLANISH BOSQICHLARI
Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy polimadaniyatli jamiyatda bilingvizm fenomenining shakllanishi va uning tarixiy rivojlanish bosqichlari ilmiy asosda yoritib berilgan. Ikki tillilikning tabiiy va sun’iy turlari, ularning yuzaga kelishidagi psixolingvistik hamda ijtimoiy omillar tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari bilingvizmning shaxs kognitiv rivojlanishidagi o‘rni hamda uni madaniyatlararo muloqot va ijtimoiy moslashuvning muhim vositasi sifatida qo‘llash zarurligini asoslab beradi.
bilingvizm, ikki tillilik, polimadaniyat, tabiiy bilingvizm, sun’iy bilingvizm, lisoniy ong, interferensiya, kognitiv rivojlanish, madaniyatlararo muloqot, psixolingvistika.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE AND ADAPTATION
This article analyzes the theoretical essence of the concept of intelligence and its relationship with the process of adaptation from a psychological perspective. Intelligence is considered as a complex cognitive system that develops through the interaction between an individual and the surrounding environment. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of adaptation, namely assimilation and accommodation, which explain the stages of mental development. The study also highlights the role of cognitive processes such as perception, memory, skills, and logical operations in the development of intelligence. It is argued that the development of intelligence is closely related to the increasing complexity of interactions between the subject and the object, as well as to the formation of mobile and reversible mental structures. The results of the study allow intelligence to be interpreted as the highest level of psychological adaptation and reveal its significance in cognitive activity and personality development.
intelligence, adaptation, assimilation, accommodation, cognitive development, mental structures, perception, logical operations, psychological adaptation, thinking development.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WORD STRESS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article compares word stress in English and Uzbek, focusing on stress placement, phonetic realization, and functional role. It shows that English has a free and contrastive stress system, while Uzbek has a predominantly fixed final-syllable stress pattern. The findings highlight key differences important for phonetics and language teaching.
word stress, English phonetics, Uzbek phonetics, contrastive analysis, suprasegmental features
OʻZBEKISTON TARIXI FANINI OʻQITISHNING NAZARIY-METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI VA UNING TAʼLIM SAMARADORLIGIDAGI OʻRNI
Mazkur maqolada Oʻzbekiston tarixi fanini oʻqitishning nazariy-metodologik asoslari, uning oliy taʼlim tiz imidagi oʻrni a tarbiyaviy-didaktik imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan. Tarix fanining ijtimoiy taraqqiyotni an glash, milliy oʻzlikni shakllantirish, talabalarda tarixiy tafakkur, atanparvarlik a fuqarolik masʼuliyatini rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, fanning predmeti a obyektini aniq belgilash, oʻqi tish mazmunini ilmiy asosda tashkil etish hamda zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlardan foydalanish taʼlim samaradorligining muhim sharti ekani asoslangan. Maqolada Oʻzbekiston tarixi fanini oʻqitishni takomil lashtirishning metodik jihatlari a uning maʼnaviy-maʼrify ahamiyati bayon etilgan.
Oʻzbekiston tarixi, tarix fani, tarixiy tafakkur, milliy oʻzlik, atanparvarlik, metodologiya, oliy taʼlim, taʼlim samaradorligi, predmet, obyekt
АВТОУНАА АТАЛЫШТАРЫ АРКЫЛУУ КАЛЫПТАНГАН НЕОЛОГИЗМДЕРДИН КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛИНДЕГИ ЛИНГВИСТИКАЛЫК СТАТУСУ ЖАНА КОЛДОНУЛУШУ
Бул макалада кыргыз тилинин заманбап лексикалык системасында автоунаа аталыштарына байланышкан неологизмдердин калыптаныш, адаптацияланыш жана функционалдык колдонулуш өзгөчөлүктөрүн комплекстүү илимий-методологиялык негизде кайра интерпретациялоого багытталат. Неологизмдер тилдин ачык жана динамикалык системасынын көрсөткүчү катары каралып, алардын пайда болуу механизмдери социалдык-коммуникативдик, маданий жана технологиялык факторлордун өз ара аракеттенүүсү аркылуу түшүндүрүлөт. Автоунаа аталыштарынын тилдик айланага кириши номинативдик муктаждык, престиждик символика жана глобалдык маданий трансфер процесстери менен шартталып, алардын структуралык жана фонетикалык өздөштүрүлүшү көп баскычтуу трансформациялык модель катары бааланат. Бул лексемалардын оозеки жана жазма дискурста активдүү колдонулушу тилдик нормалар менен реалдуу коммуникативдик практика ортосундагы дисбалансты ачыкка чыгарат. Айрыкча чет тилдик бренддик аталыштардын графикалык, орфографиялык жана морфологиялык интеграциясы тил системасынын ички регуляция механизмдеринин жетишсиз координациясын көрсөтүп, стандартташтыруу маселелерин актуалдаштырат. Мындай бирдиктерди колдонууда пайда болгон кыйынчылыктар терминологиялык бирдиктүүлүктүн жоктугу, адаптация принциптеринин бирдиктүү моделинин иштелип чыкпагандыгы жана дискурстук вариативдүүлүктүн жогору деңгээли менен түшүндүрүлөт. Неологизмдердин активдүү айланууга кириши тилдин эволюциялык табиятын чагылдыруу менен бирге анын адаптациялык потенциалын кеңейтет, ошол эле учурда лингвистикалык нормалоо жана кодификация процесстерин жаңы деңгээлге көтөрүүнү талап кылат. Ушул негизде автоунаа аталыштарына байланышкан неологизмдер тилдин өнүгүү багыттарын аныктаган маанилүү индикатор катары каралып, алардын илимий-амалдык изилдениши интегративдүү ыкманы талап кылган стратегиялык багыт катары негизделет.
неологизмдер, автоунаа аталыштары, лексикалык система, тилдик адаптация, функционал дык колдонулуш, номинативдик муктаждык, маданий трансфер, фонетикалык өздөштүрүү, орфографи ялык интеграция, морфологиялык интеграция, тилдик норма, коммуникативдик практика, дискурстук вариативдүүлүк, стандартташтыруу, кодификация.