ASSESSING WRITING, READING, LISTENING, SPEAKING, AND INTEGRATED LANGUAGE SKILLS: TEST DESIGN, SCORING, AND ANALYSIS

Abstract

This article explores essential principles and practices in assessing the four main language skills—writing,
reading, listening, and speaking—as well as integrated language skills. It emphasizes the importance of
valid, reliable, practical, and authentic assessment methods that reflect real-life language use and promote
effective learning. The study also discusses the washback effect, highlighting how well-designed assessments can positively influence both teaching and student motivation, particularly at the C1 proficiency level.
Practical recommendations for test design, scoring, and rubric development are presented to guide teachers
in creating meaningful and fair language assessments.